Dereivka

Dereivka is a site associated with the Sredny Stog culture dating ca. 4500&mdash;3500 BC of the middle Dnieper region. Note: Since this name does not exist in the region, Mallory must mean Deryevka near south west of Kremenchuk on the right bank Dnieper, the village in Onufriivskyi Raion of the Kirovohrad Oblast.

This site is known primarily for its status as a site (and perhaps as the site) of early horse domestication. Radiocarbon dates of the most famous horse head, however, have been disappointing, due to contamination of the evidence (they range from the late third millennium BCE to the early first millennium BCE). Since the rest of the site is reliably dated, the earlier of these conflicting radiocarbon dates is compatible with a timeframe several hundred years older.

Of interest is some apparently equivocal evidence for fenced houses. Two cemeteries are associated, one from the earlier Dnieper-Donets culture and one from the aforementioned Sredny Stog culture.

As a part of the Sredny Stog complex, it is considered to be very early Indo-European, and probably, Proto-Indo-European, within the traditional context of the Kurgan hypothesis of Marija Gimbutas, though Sredny Stog is itself pre-kurgan as to burial rite.